The Literary Theory Of Structuralism - 1203 Words

The literary theory of Structuralism attempts to explain the connections between concepts, images, and people. Particularly, the French Structuralists utilize the concept of binary comparisons in order to explain how everything relates to each other. This theory argues that people comprehend the world around them by the understanding the differences between objects or ideas and other objects or ideas, e.g. understanding the dark because it is not light. Children learn the concept of opposites so that they can describe things; they discover the difference between big and small before they understand the notions themselves. Therefore, by using the literary theory of French Structuralism, readers can establish the binary differences between the two sets of lovers in Much Ado about Nothing, explaining how the use of contrasting characters reveals the complexity of love, and comments on society’s conventions in Shakespeare’s day. A leading Structuralist Ferdinand de Saussure ascertains in â€Å"Course in General Linguistics† that â€Å"in language there are only differences† (70). These differences make up the world, and comparing them allows readers to have a deeper understanding of life. However, binaries must play off each other within a context in order to have meaning. Gregory Castle offers the goal of Structuralism: â€Å"Functional Structuralism is primarily concerned with language as it is manifested in social contexts† (186). The social context is the construct that illuminatesShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freuds Theory Of Psychoanalysis1636 Words   |  7 PagesThis passage from â€Å"Psycho-analysis,† Sigmund Freud’s essay detailing the origins, methods, and applications of his theory of psychoanalysis, reveals the utility of his approach in understanding what lies beneath the surface through the interpretation of dreams, which later psychoanalytic critics related to the interpretation of literature. Freud’s description of his psychoanalytic theory considers it an approach to unlocking knowledge that is impossible to discover through prior methods of psychologyRead MoreYellow Wallpaper1673 Words   |  7 PagesSvetlana Kryzhanovskaya Prof. Grajeda ENC 3014-MidTerm Paper March 12, 2012 Structuralism amp; Feminist Theory ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’ written by Charlotte Gilman can be affectively analyzed from two schools of thought structuralism and feminist theory. Though structuralists’ deny the work of literature any connection to its author (it must be what it is, no underlying meaning) feminist theory must first and foremost be understood in its historical framework. By the turn of the century,Read More5 Critical Approaches to Literature853 Words   |  4 Pages5 Critical Approaches to Literature Structuralist- Is a theory of a human kind thought to be parts of a system of signs. It is described as a reaction to modernist alteration and despair. It is heavily influenced by linguistics especially by the work of Ferdinand de Saussure. Useful was Saussures concept of phoneme which is the smallest basic speech sound or unit of pronunciation, the idea that phoneme exists in two kinds of relationships (diachronic and synchronic). Diachronic is a horizontalRead MoreResearch Paper on William James and Functionalism1230 Words   |  5 Pagesthe son of Henry James Sr., a noted and independently wealthy theologian well acquainted with the literary and intellectual elites of his day. The intellectual brilliance of the James family milieu and the remarkable epistolary talents of several of its members have made them a subject of continuing interest to historians, biographers, and critics. James also worked on many theories included functionalism which is the second paradigm in Psychology. According to William James, functionalismRead More Edgar Allan Poe Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pagesamount of interpretations of any given text might be drawn from a variety of perspectives, a structuralist analysis of two of Poe’s works help place their symbols within a theme related to myth and heroism. Peter Barry attempts to define structuralism succinctly by narrowing it down as â€Å"the belief that things cannot be understood in isolation—they have to be seen in the context of the larger structures they are part of†; he goes on to add that â€Å"meaning is always an attribute of things, in theRead MoreDevelopment Of Media And Communications Study1481 Words   |  6 Pagesessay I shall analyze the development of media and communications study and the themes that have helped it to improve during the last century. A persistent concept in this field is equality because theories like Marxism, Cultural Studies, Feminism, Structuralism and Post-structuralism, Subcultural Theory and Postmodernism examined this notion and gave it a meaning in that period of time. Against this background, a central question that motives this paper is: ‘How is equality developed by each ideologyRead MoreTerry Eagleton and Literature Theory3622 Words   |  15 PagesTerry Eag leton What is Literature Doing a polemical study of contemporary literary theory, Eagleton introduces us in this world explaining what is actually fiction. a. Imaginative writing One definition is that literature is imaginative writing, based on its fictionality and do not engage in the literal truth. However, Eagleton rejects this theory, since the literature also includes nonfiction genres such as essay and autobiography. Distinguishing between fiction and fact, or truth and fantasyRead MoreEssay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein and Structuralism1899 Words   |  8 PagesFrankenstein and Structuralism   Ã‚   Professor John Lye of Brock University, California describes literary theory as: a collection of related theoretical concepts and practices which are marked by a number of premises, although not all of the theoretical approaches share or agree on all of them.    The first segment of this essay aims to define the main views of structuralism, one of these theoretical approaches. Structuralism, in particular the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, createdRead MoreThe New Criticism, Structuralism, New Historical And African American Criticism1991 Words   |  8 PagesThe paper is aimed to conduct an explanation introduction in four definitions, New Criticism, Structuralism, New Historical and African-American criticism. The paper will be divided into three parts, definitions, the comparison of their difference and the conclusion. 1. Definition New Criticism The word New Criticism was appearing on the book, The New Criticism, written by John Crowe Ransom. In his book, The New Criticism, Ransom came up with a new formalist current, which emphasized close readingRead MoreMark Twain And Slavery Essay1356 Words   |  6 PagesMark Twain and Slavery Mark Twain, a famous American writer wrote many books highly acclaimed throughout the world. For his masterpiece, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the literary establishment recognized him as one of the greatest writers America would ever produce. This novel is about a teenage boy by the name of Huck Finn. He is living with Miss Watson and Widow Douglas who have adopted him. He decides that civil life is not for him and that he is going to run away. At the beginning of

Why was Cleopatra Famous - 1282 Words

Why was Cleopatra Famous? Known for her love affairs with some of Rome’s most famous leaders, and wanting to be worshipped as a goddess, associating herself with the goddess Isis Cleopatra was a famous powerful queen in Ancient Egypt. Cleopatra was born as Cleopatra VII Thea Philopator to Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V Tryphaena. She was born in 69 B.C.E in Alexandria, and later died there in 30 B.C.E. Because of the time period in which Cleopatra lived not very much is known of her. In ancient times there was record keeping. Although many of the accounts written down were not preserved well enough to be available to this day. Cleopatra comes from the Ptolemaic Dynasty. The dynasty was started by Ptolemy I. It lasted from 323 B.C.E to†¦show more content†¦This was the cause of the formation of the second triumvirate. In hope of finding another supporter she begins to analyze Rome’s head politics of the second triumvirate which consisted of Octavian, Lepidus, and Mark Antony. For her its was between Octavian and Mark Antony. She began to have an interest in Marc Antony and how he carried himself. She was deeply intrigued by all he had to offer. After getting more involved and progressing in his relationship with Cleopatra he marries her. The two ended up having a set of twins. Cleopatra gave birth to a boy and a girl named Alexander Helios and Cleopatra Selene and then later on she bore another child to Marc Antony. His name was Ptolemy Philadelphus. Overtime Marc Antony begins to basically dessert his duties.This causes uproar amongst the citizens of Rome. Not only does the citizens look down on Marc Antony’s behavior, but Octavian did not condone it either. Marc Antony made an unforgettable mistake of dividing the land amongst his family he had with Cleopatra. At the time he may not have thought much of it. Marc probably viewed it as a celebration, but it would end in destruction. He was giving out Rome’s land to Egyptian children. This further angered Octavian and he set out to make it right, or at least right in his eyes. Marc Antony divorced Octavian’s half sister Octavia in 32 B.C.E . Their marriage was diplomatic and he only married her to prove his allegiance to Octavian. TheShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeares Antony and Cleopatra Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesAntony and Cleopatra In the play Antony and Cleopatra, the character of Cleopatra is one of many dimensions and be seen a person of complex diversity. Her personality is mainly about taking life as one big celebration most of her time in Egypt. Cleopatra lovesRead MorePostmodern Art in Andy Warhol ´s Silvier Liz as Cleopatra1194 Words   |  5 Pageshistory for being an influential and unique representation of various cultures and religions as well as playing a fundamental role in society. However, with the new era of postmodernism, art slowly deviated away from both the religious context it was originally created in, and apart from serving as a ritual function. Walter Benjamin, a German literary critic and philosopher during the 1900’s, strongly believed that the mass production of pieces has freed art from the boundaries of tradition, â€Å"ForRead MoreEssay Role and Function of Enobarbous1617 Words   |  7 PagesConsider the role and function of Enobarbus in Antony and Cleopatra Enobarbus is a vital character and a key element to the success of the play. Emrys Jones view on Enobarbus is that he is â€Å"the plays strongest supporting character and structural device of great importance to the plays dramatic effect.† He is portrayed in many forms, honest, likable, high ranking solider, â€Å"he is of note† trustworthy and a true friend to Antony. Enobarbus and Antony share a deep friendship. Antony confides in EnobarbusRead MoreHas Hollywood Been Fair? Cleopatra?1273 Words   |  6 PagesHas Hollywood Been Fair to Cleopatra? No one can really know a hundred percent how Cleopatra was really like as a person or what she really looked like, however, the only thing we can do is use all the clues we have left from this ancient history and gather them all together for an approximate conclusion. Based on the search I have done I realized that just like any other story, Cleopatra’s story have two sides. On one side the Romans (her enemies) pictured her as this ugly, evil seductressRead MoreLove Styles of Antony and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet1701 Words   |  7 PagesLove Styles of Antony and Cleopatra and Romeo and Juliet The heart of many of Shakespeare’s works is love and tumultuous relationships. It is not a difficult task to attempt to analyze the relationships of his protagonists. Many of his characters would fit into at least one of the â€Å"love-styles† presented by John Alan Lee. There are many different types of relationships and John Alan Lee aims to categorize them, or breaking them down into â€Å"different colors,† (Lee, 40). The love-styles can beRead MoreJulius Caesar : A Great Leader1718 Words   |  7 Pagesbook on my way to church that someone had started to write down what was going on in our town. I’ve decided to take over the role of this journal. One may call me a friend, a father, and a brother. Today we embark on a journey in my village where Julius Caesar is fighting to take over Gaul and also to be king. Caesar had spent his days campaigning in Rome, he had all the credentials to be king the only thing that was missing was the actual title of being named king. As I walk the streets in GaulRead MoreWilliam Shakespeares Presentation of Octavius Caesar in Antony and Cleopatra1625 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam Shakespeares Presentation of Octavius Caesar in Antony and Cleopatra Shakespeare portrays Octavius Caesar as a very complex character in Antony and Cleopatra. Shakespeare shows the audience how he has very strong feelings about War, leadership, the relationship between Antony and Cleopatra, and his sister Octavia. These attitudes can be seen as being too rational, too ambitious, and too efficient. However it is these characteristics which in some ways, formRead MoreAncient Egyp Gods and Godesses: From A to Z1331 Words   |  6 PagesAnubis was the Egyptian god of embalming and the keeper of secrets. He was associated with the mummification and protection of the dead and journey to the afterlife. He was portrayed man with a jackal’s head, or in jackal form holding a flail in the crook of his arm and wearing a ribbon. In the Old Kingdom he was the most important God, where he was associated with the burial of the pharaoh. He was very important because the Egyptians worshiped two things: 1. the gods and 2. The dead. The ancientRead More The Emporer Caesar Essay1496 Words   |  6 PagesThe Emporer Caesar The Emperor Julius Caesar is perhaps most famous as the first Roman Emperor to convert to Christianity. His rise from a humble birth as a peasant boy to Emperor is a tale of bravery, adversity and ultimately triumph through faith. Julius Caesar was born as Groyxo Gaul in 54BC into an immigrant family in the back streets of Rome. Neither parent was rich. The German historian Guildo Horn noted: â€Å"Seine Mutter war ein Hamster und sein Vater, der von den Holunderbeeren gerochenRead MoreNefertiti and Cleopatra, Famous and Powerful but Very Different2451 Words   |  10 PagesEgyptian ancient civilization was born along the Nile River and lived for more than 3,000 years. Not only famous for the pyramids at Giza staying there with dignity reminding the wonderful past, Egypt is also famous for its pharaohs. Nefertiti and Cleopatra important figures of Egypt, famous for their beauties and deeds appear remarkable in many parts of the great ancient history. Staying in front of each other these queens have so many differences but so many things in common too. Each lady has

Airplane Warfare During World War I Essay Example For Students

Airplane Warfare During World War I Essay Airplane Warfare During World War I During World War One, the role of airplanes and how they were used changed greatly.At first planes were only used for sport, but people started realize that not only could airplanes be useful but they could even influence an outcome of the war greatly.Soon the war was filled with blimps, planes, and tethered balloons.By the end of the war, planes became a symbol of fear, but they were not always treated with such respect. In the time leading up to the war, the general feeling about planes was, they were a sneaky, unfair tactic that should not be used in warfare.During The 1899 Hague Peace Conference it was put on record that the dropping or shooting of any projectiles or explosives from the air during a time of war was forbidden and was considered a crime of war.It was also decided that airplanes could onlybe used for reconnaissance or spying missions. (Villard-227) The airplane may be all very well for sport, but for the army it is useless (Quoted in Villard-227) Even by the beginning of the war in 1912, the use of planes in war was still prohibited by the War Office.Shortly thereafter this changed, people awakened to the possibilities of air warfare.The world soon started to realize the effectiveness of planes in war and how the control of the skies could influence the outcome. Although the French were the first to have a working, conscripting air force and to license fliers, their trust in airplanes still was not up to par. Their lack oftrust was justified, for the planes had no armaments, too many wires, and no reliable motor. (Villard-228) Soon all countries in the war effort had their own little air force, built hangers, and started to train pilots.The first bombing occurred in November 1911. Although the first bomb was dropped by the Italians, soon all countries were involved in bombing raids. (Villard-229) It was followed by the first aerial dogfight in 1912. This consisted of a primitive exchange of pistol fire betweenBritish and German planes . (Harvey-95) The first flying experience for the United States occurred in 1862, during the Civil War.General McClellan went into battle against the South with a balloon corps floated by hydrogen and pulled by four horses. (Saga-51)Literary fiction started to breed ideas about the use of planes in warfare. The most famous writer to explore the idea was H.G. Wells.He wroteThe War In The Air, a book about the future in which battle is conducted with planes. (Wohl-70).In Germany, literary fiction preceded the actual development of warfare in the air.Rudolph Martin was a writer who predicted that the Germans future was not on the sea, but in the air.He also believed that further development in aviation would kill the importance of d iezce and help to lead toward the German unification of the world. (Wohl-81)Martins novel helped to prepare the Germans for their use of planes in the war.The fiction soon became scientific fact.(Wohl-71)The United States, ultimatelywas slower than France and Germany to develop an air force.On March 3, 1911, Congress appropriated $125,000 to start an air force, which consisted of five planes.The first squadron was organized by the Americans on March 5, 1913, in Texas City. It consisted of nine planes. Although the United States entered the war in 1917, it did not use planes in the war at that time. (Villard-231)U.S. pilots had little or no experience in cross-country navigation.They did not have good maps and sometimes they became.. lost, ran out of fuel and would have to land behind enemy lines.(Villard-233)As the Americans advanced in the use of planes in warfare, so did the Germans.Initially, the Germans made no effort to hide their skepticism about the use of planes in warfare.I n the beginning of the war, many Germans raised in newspaper articles and on government committees the possibilities of warfare in the air, but the country as a whole was not quick to initiate the effort.(Wohl-70) This quickly changed, however, because thedevelopment of airplanes during the war was mostly credited to the Germans. The Germans came out with advances in planes that outdid anything that France had to offer.Even though France hadthe largest air force in the world, they soon became second-best.No matter how hard the other countries tried, the Germans were always one step ahead in airplane advances. These advances were so great that even though the Germans were outnumbered eight to one, they still came out on top. .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 , .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .postImageUrl , .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 , .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693:hover , .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693:visited , .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693:active { border:0!important; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693:active , .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693 .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uec3a6e1c29b5e442b8a8466598f01693:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: NAFTA Essay ThesisFor inezce, the mounting of a machine gun behind the propellers seemed like suicide, but the Germans came up with the idea of a timed switch that would allow the gun to fire in-between rotations.This made it easier to aim and fly atthe same time.Roland Garros, an allied flier, who mounted a gun in the cockpit and put protective plates on his propellers was trying to match the German timed device, but it was a faulty, unsafe rip-off . (Harvey-95)Another advancement used by the Germans was the introduction of luminous paint so that pilot would not fly into each other or shoot each other during night raids. (Duke-130)The allied countries tried many times to duplicate this and many other German inventions, but failed each time. The Germans started putting up hangers and domes around its boarders. They introduced more and more types of planes.As the war went on, Germany introduced the BI-planes and Tri-planes which made the use of one wingedplanes obsolete.The more wings, the more mobility, stability, and speed the plane had.The mobility made it easier to evade gun fire or to maneuver better in dogfights. The stability made these new planes handle better in turbulence, and in reconnaissance missions the speed was most important for escaping the enemy.These new German planes dominated the skies and made lumber of theallies flaming coffins (old mono-planes)The BI-plane was considered to be the best all-around plane.It was the favorite of the German Flying Ace, Manfred von Richthofen, better known as theRed BaronThe Red Baron was the best pilot in the war, and was credited with shooting down 80 allied planes.He was equally respected by both sides, and when he was shot down, his enemies held a service for him to show how muchrespect they had.This show of chivalry was not uncommon, for in the beginning of the war, it was tradition to throw down a wreath if an enemy plane was shot down, to show respect and honor.However when bombing was introduced, thefeeling about planes turned from noble flying knights into fear, death from above. The evolution of aircraft during World War One was profound and unmatched by any other advancements in any other field at the time.From Reconnaissance to bombing, the use of airplanes in the war became a necessityand by the end of the war airplanes and pilots had earned the respect they deserved.Todays warfare relies heavily on the use of aircraft, not only for destruction and transportation of troops and supplies, but also for its initial use of reconnaissance.

Just Learning Art Essays - Drawing, Figure Drawing, DraftHolzner

Just Learning Art Right now in life Drawing I am working on the structure of the human anatomy. Our teacher wants us to feel the structure through gestures and get the proportions correct. We have just finished working on the Human skull, have worked with the whole figure, and now we are moving on towards the hands and feet. The fine detail, of course, can not be captured exactly as is, but the objective of our assignment is to make the figure appear as human like as possible. I have a technique that has made me improve my work. I draw as if I have never seen what I am drawing and I have to present the work I do before a queen or someone of a high rank. It also helps to get total determination before you start your assignment to think you will do well. Be clam and relaxed to a point where you are comfy yet still alert for your work. Your drawings should have a guesture that is almost equivalent to the movement of your subject that you are drawing. I found out the easiest materials to work with are the most simple. Instead of newsprint paper, which is more soft, and harder to work with, I use sketch paper. The sketch paper is more rugged. I use a pencil instead of charcoal. The pencil gives you the advantage to get a more fine point as well to make your lines lighter if necessary. It is also easier to erase. In class, we usually either have a model to draw, or work with each other's figure. I feel it is better to work with our classmates rather than the model because we have gotten use to each others appearance's which makes it easier to draw. For our homework this week, we are assigned to draw the foot three or four times on the same sheet of paper, life size. I feel that my class and myself has an easier time doing the hands and feet than the human skull because if you slightly are incorrect on your drawing it doesn't make the drawing unrecognizable. With the face, you can be off in the slightest of ways and everything else will be thrown out of proportion. It is a well concentrated assignment. Before I came to Montserrat I had no experience whatsoever in drawing, so when I started in on this, it was a real challenge. I felt that I have been able to keep up and have learned more quicker than I thought I would. I adapted fast to what she was teaching to our class, and I must say I am proud of myself for that. The only experience I have had was art class in junior high, and even then it wasn't drawing the human figure, it was more like painting and ceramics. The previous summer, my grandfather who is an artist, brushed me up on some work that he knew I would be doing that has also helped. I have still a lot to learn, but I am patient about it. Art Essays