Great Gatsby American Dream Essays - The Great Gatsby,

Great Gatsby American Dream The American Dream Since July 4, 1776 Americans have had the opportunity to pursue whatever they can think of. This has given the people the opportunity to become whatever they want. A person who works hard can become successful; this is what the American Dream is centered around. A person who is a hard worker and persistent can reach any goal he strives for. The American Dream changed as America did. People became more and more infatuated with possessions. The characters in F. Scott Fitzgerald's novel The Great Gatsby each work for their own American Dream. Jay Gatsby, the central character of the novel, has worked from nothing to become a very successful man. Jay is successful in the meaning that he is very rich and has everything most of the people in the novel would want. This is not what Jay is striving for though. Jay doesn't care about the money, cars, and enormous house he has. Love is Jay's goal, he worked for all the wealth and popularity to get to the love of his life, Daisy. Daisy is a woman that Jay had a love affair with when he was younger, but he could never have her because he was not in her social class. Jay then began to do anything to get the money that it would take to get in her class, even illegal activities. Once he reached this level of wealth, he moved close to Daisy to try to get her. ?Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay?(83). The only thing that really mattered to Jay was Daisy. To try to meet Daisy, Jay threw enormous parties. He finally reunites with Daisy and he begins to sho w off how rich he is to try to impress her. Jay is convinced that Daisy is now in love with him, and is willing to do anything for her. Even after she kills a woman with his car, he says he will said he take the blame. In pursuit of his dream, Jay ends up being killed. Jay's American Dream may seem to be one filled with riches and possessions, but it really isn't. He works for all the things for his one true dream, Daisy, a goal that he never could have possessed. Love can't be achieved because of wealth or Jay died striving for his success, but never gave up his integrity or morals for it. Unlike Jay Tom Buchanan is a man that has no dream. Tom Buchanan is Daisy's husband. Tom is a very wealthy man, but has inherited it all and does not work. He sits around, and plays polo and collects cars. The rest of his time he spends having an affair. Tom does not try to keep this affair a big secret; she even calls him at home. It doesn't matter to Tom if anyone knows or not. Because of his money, he has become an arrogant, unkind man. He doesn't worry about anyone else's feeling than his own. He doesn't care about Daisy or he wouldn't have an affair. He doesn't care about the woman he is having an affair with because once he broke her nose for saying something he didn't like. Tom even had a part in Jay being killed. ?They were careless people, Tom and Daisy-they smashed things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made?.? (188). Tom's lack of a dream made his life meaningless. Tom had everything he could every want right from the beginning. He had nothing to work for. This made Tom's life pointless. Life is all about the working toward a dream. His wealth corrupted him and he had no compassion for what he had done. Daisy is a mix between Jay and Tom. Daisy has a dream, her dream is to be truly loved, and she isn't getting that from Tom. She married Tom just for his money. But Daisy also wants all the popularity and wealth that she has with Tom. She knows she can't have both, and is torn between

Biography of Fred Hoyle, British Astronomer

Biography of Fred Hoyle, British Astronomer The science of astronomy features many colorful characters throughout its history, and Sir Fred Hoyle FRS was among them. He is best known for coining the term Big Bang for the event that birthed the universe. Ironically, he was not a big supporter of the theory of the Big Bang and spent much of his career formulating the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis- the process by which elements heavier than hydrogen and helium are created inside stars. The Early Years Fred Hoyle was born on the 24th of June, 1915 to Ben and Mable Pickard Hoyle. Both his parents were musically inclined and worked various jobs during their lives. They lived in the small town of West Riding, in Yorkshire, England. Young Fred attended school at Bingley Grammar School and eventually moved on to Emmanual College at Cambridge, where he studied mathematics. He married Barbara Clark in 1939, and they had two children. With the onset of war in the 1940s, Hoyle worked on various projects that benefitted the war effort. In particular, he worked on radar technology. During his work for the British Admiralty, Hoyle continued to study cosmology and made trips to the United States to meet with astronomers. Creating the Theory of Elements in Stars During one of his astronomy tours, Hoyle became acquainted with the idea of supernova explosions, which are catastrophic events that end the lives of massive stars. It is in such events that some of the heavier elements (such as plutonium and others) are created. Yet, he was also intrigued by processes inside ordinary stars  (such as the Sun) and began looking at ways to explain how such elements as carbon could be created inside those. After the war, Hoyle returned to Cambridge as a lecturer at St. Johns College to continue his work. There, he formed a research group focused specifically on stellar nucleosynthesis topics, including the formation of elements inside all types of stars. Hoyle, along with colleagues William Alfred Fowler, Margaret Burbidge, and Geoffrey Burbidge, eventually worked out the basic processes to explain how stars synthesize heavier elements in their cores (and, in the case of supernovae, how catastrophic explosions played a role in the creation  of very heavy elements). He stayed at Cambridge until the early 1970s, becoming one of the worlds foremost astronomers due to his work on stellar nucleosynthesis. Fred Hoyle and the Big Bang Theory Although Fred Hoyle is often credited with the name Big Bang, he was an active opponent of the idea that the universe had a specific beginning. That theory was proposed by astronomer Georges Lemaitre. Instead, Hoyle preferred the steady state universe, where the density of the universe is constant and matter is constantly being created. The Big Bang, by comparison, suggests that the universe began in one event some 13.8 billion years ago. At that time, all matter was created and the expansion of the universe began. The Big Bang name he used came from an interview on the BBC, where he was explaining the difference between the explosive nature of the Big Bang versus the steady state theory he favored. The Steady State theory is no longer taken seriously, but it was vigorously debated for years. Later Years and Controversies After Fred Hoyle retired from Cambridge, he turned to science popularization and writing science fiction. He served on the planning board for one of the most famous telescopes in the world, the four-meter-wide Anglo-Australian telescope in Australia. Hoyle also became a staunch opponent of the idea that life began on Earth. Instead, he suggested it came from space. This theory, called panspermia, says that the seeds of life on our planet may have been delivered by comets. In later years, Hoyle and colleague Chandra Wickramasinghe advanced the idea that flu pandemics could have been brought to Earth in this way. These ideas werent very popular and Hoyle paid the price for advancing them. In 1983, Fowler and astronomer and astrophysicist Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on the stellar nucleosynthesis theories. Hoyle was left out of the prize, even though he was an important pioneer in the subject. Theres been much speculation that Hoyles treatment of colleagues and his later interest in alien life forms may have given the Nobel Committee an excuse to omit his name from the prize. Fred Hoyle spent his last years writing books, giving speeches, and hiking on the moors near his final home in Englands Lake District. After a particularly nasty fall in 1997, his health declined and he died after a series of strokes on August 20, 2001. Awards and Publications Fred Hoyle was made a fellow of the Royal Society in 1957. He won several medals and prizes over the years, including the Mayhew Prize, the Crafoord Prize from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Royal Medal, and the Klumpke-Roberts Award. Asteroid 8077 Hoyle is named in his honor, and he was made a knight in 1972. Hoyle wrote many science books for public consumption, in addition to his scholarly publications. His best-known science fiction book was The Black Cloud (written in 1957). He went on to author another 18 titles, some with his son Geoffrey Hoyle. Fred Hoyle Fast Facts Full Name: Sir Fred Hoyle (FRS)Occupation: AstronomerBorn: June 24, 1915Parents: Ben Hoyle and Mabel PickardDied: August 20, 2001Education: Emmanuel College, CambridgeKey Discoveries: theories of stellar nucleosynthesis, the triple-alpha process (inside stars), came up with the term Big BangKey Publication: Synthesis of Elements in Stars, Burbidge, E.M., Burbidge, G.M. Fowler, W.A., Hoyle, F. (1957), Reviews of Modern PhysicsSpouses Name: Barbara ClarkChildren: Geoffrey Hoyle, Elizabeth ButlerResearch Area: astronomy and astrophysics Sources Mitton, S. Fred Hoyle: A Life in Science, 2011, Cambridge University Press. â€Å"FRED HOYLE.† Karl Schwarzschild - Important Scientists - The Physics of the Universe, www.physicsoftheuniverse.com/scientists_hoyle.html. â€Å"Fred Hoyle (1915 - 2001).† Careers in Astronomy | American Astronomical Society, aas.org/obituaries/fred-hoyle-1915-2001. â€Å"Professor Sir Fred Hoyle.† The Telegraph, Telegraph Media Group, 22 Aug. 2001, www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/1338125/Professor-Sir-Fred-Hoyle.html.

The creation of the National Assembly was important to the French Essay

The creation of the National Assembly was important to the French Revolution because it brought together the three different states - Essay Example Rousseau also emphasizes the reigning regime’s inability to bring equality, and hence the need for democracy. Before the revolution, the nation had three divisions. The divisions comprised of the Clergy, the Nobility and the Commoner, with little representation of the commoners who were the majority. As such, the commoners sought for equal rights and representation. Montesquieu work (the Spirit of the Law) aided significantly in the implementation of democracy (Halsall). He argued that there ought to be balances within the government, with the incorporation of the people and not a single family. During the Enlightenment era, the people of France had become conversant of their rights. Montesquieu and Rousseau worked significantly in highlighting the rights of the people and the ills associated with monarchy. As such, they began to perceive the ills that the reigning authorities were perpetrating to them. This compelled them to question the governing systems of the time, and hence the need to transform them. There was a great need for the creation of a National Assembly and a constitution. The introduction of democracy in the US with set rules within the constitution and a congress and senate equivalent to the National Assembly also served as a significant influencing factor for the revolution. Montesquieu article also compare the French government with the US (Halsall). The governing systems also proved to be too ineffective to govern the people. The people felt the need to introduce a National Assembly and a constitution with unambiguous rights of the people. France also faced economic challenges at the time, owing to the huge debts accumulated by the former monarchies. The king of the time, Louis 16th also lived a lavish lifestyle, thus magnifying the already worse economy of the nation. The king’s wife, Marie Antoinette was infamous for leading an extravagant life. This meant

Re-rite this thesis as a research paper, instruction in assignment Paper

Re-rite this thesis as a , instruction in assignment criteria - Research Paper Example higher costs and complications in mining operations which may require improved systems; the regulatory element is based on the changing legal elements which are shifting towards stricter environmental regulations; and the reputational driver covers the higher pressure from investors and the public on mining firms to cover issues of sustainability. Due to the issue of water scarcity in Chile, the need to evaluate the environmental sustainability of the mining industry became part of the business challenge. The government of Chile has made the necessary changes in order to support sustainability and other mining companies have also recognized the importance of reducing the impact of their actions on the environment. With these elements in place, investments and technological improvements in the mining industry are to be expected. The major pathway through which Veolia can validate its entry into the Chilean market is that of water scarcity. This challenge has the potential to harm the growth and productivity of Chile’s mining sector. It is important for Veolia to generate integrated solutions that can minimise water use, increase water reuse and improve water quality. There are two avenues through which Veolia can pursue its selling proposition. The first suggests that Veolia promotes rigorous environmental standards to leverage a conversation with clients. The second avenue suggests that Veolia develops and uses a multi-stakeholder engagement strategy both at the project and market level. Rigorous implementation of this two-pronged strategy will assist in building a strong source of competitive advantage, and will help it to maximise the value of its services. This paper is underpinned by a three-pronged research objective which called for examination of the way in which mining is regulated in Chile; the possibility for Veolia to use high environmental standards to leverage a conversation with clients; and the importance of a stakeholder engagement

Reasons for Delay in Insulin Therapy

Reasons for Delay in Insulin Therapy Although the reasons for poor glucose control amongst diabetics is complex, one concerning issue remains the reluctance of physicians and patients to begin insulin therapy. This has been widely documented, despite awareness amongst both caregivers and Type 2 diabetics of the increased health risks caused by inadequate glucose control. Diabetes, and the complications caused by poor management of the disease, are rapidly becoming a health concern of epidemic proportion in Europe and the United States. According to Celafu (2004), normal glucose levels are seldom maintained over time in Type 2 diabetics. â€Å"Even with early intervention and education, many patients with type 2 diabetes are unable to achieve treatment goals through lifestyle changes alone† (Anon 2005, 4). Oral antidiabetic drugs, the initial treatment for Type 2, â€Å"eventually fail to provide adequate glycemic control† (Anon 2005, 4). Targets are missed both due to the progressive nature of the disease and to a reluctance to initiate insulin therapy (Davies 2004). Davies (2004, S15), citing an unpublished study by the British Diabetic Association, reports that â€Å"in the UK a large dataset of over 600, 000 from across the country in the year 2000 reported a mean HbA1c of 8.6 in type I patients and 7.8 in type II patients.† This is significantly above the 6.5 recommended (Davies 2004). Funnell and Kruger (2004) similarly report that over half the Type 2 diabetics in the United States regularly exceed recommended glycemic goals, such as an A1C of less than 7%. However, they cite three large independent trials which all show significant A1C improvement with the introduction of insulin therapy (Funnell and Kruger 2004). Results from the 1998 UK Prospective Diabetes Study suggests that even a 1% Hb reduction can lead to a 21% reduction in diabetes-related death (Stratton et al 2000). Similar reductions also result in a 14% reduction in myocardial infarction, and up to a 37% reduction in microvascular complications (Stratton et al 2000). Reductions in peripheral vascular disease by over 40% are also cited (Stratton et al 2000). According to Davies (2004, S14), a number of studies show â€Å"unequivocally that reducing hyperglycemia reduces both the incident risk and progression of diabetic complications, with no threshold level of HbA1c beneath which further prognostic advantage cannot be achieved.† â€Å"Given the scope of the problem, clinicians need to identify type 2 diabetes early and initiate aggressive intervention to positively influence patients at risk for the disease and help prevent disease progression and associated complications† (Anon 2005, 3). â€Å"In order to achieve the suggested targets for glycemic control necessary to reduce the incidence of diabetic complications, it has been established that a more intensive insulin regimen† and earlier use of insulin is often called for (Cefalu 2004, 1149). Unfortunately, such early insulin use is uncommon (Cefalu 2004). Literature reviewed cites a number of barriers responsible for the slow introduction of insulin regimens to Type 2 diabetic treatment. Barriers on the part of patients typically include fear of injections, feelings of failure, misconceptions regarding the effects of insulin, and concern that the disease is worsening. Cefalu (2004) found that fear of pain and inconvenience of having to inject insulin greatly increases patient anxiety regarding initiating insulin. He concludes â€Å"a major limitation for advancing to intensive insulin therapy is that the only viable way to administer insulin is through injection† (Cefalu 2004, 1149). Davies (2004, S18) similarly found that in Type 2 diabetics, â€Å"needle phobia presents as a common additional barrier to good control.† Patients may also view moving to an insulin regimen as a indicator they have failed at other therapies, such as lifestyle management (Cefalu 2004). This can produce guilt over even minor incompliance in previous treatment, and cause the patient to want to â€Å"try harder† on their existing treatment plan rather than move to insulin (Cefalu 2004). In a recent survey, nearly forty percent of patients agreed that ‘Starting insulin would mean that I have not followed my treatment recommendations properly’ (Davies 2004, S16). Kuritzky and Nelson (2004, S11) additionally found that â€Å"well-intended practitioners may have inadvertently set the stage for patient nonreceptivity by portraying insulin as appropriate therapy for patients who have failed with oral agents.† Davies (2004) goes further, offering anecdotal evidence of practitioners who attempt to coerce non-compliant Type 2 diabetics into lifestyle and oral medication compliance by the threat of beginning insulin therapy. This can result in strong patient resistance to insulin when it is eventually called for (Davies 2004). This can even lead to belief that insulin indicates inevitable complications or death to the patient. â€Å"The perception is that use of insulin signifies progression to a more serious phase of their disease; some patients view insulin use as a ‘prelude to death’ (Cefalu 2004, 1152). Some patients also â€Å"mistakenly believe that insulin intensifies insulin resistance† (Kuritzky and Nelson 2004, S11). Others claim considerations of weight gain outweigh their desire for tight glucose control (Anon 2005). Physicians and caregivers more often cite hypoglycemia, obesity, and patients lack of coping skills as reasons to delay insulin initiation. Davies (2004, S16) found â€Å"concerns about causing hypoglycemic episodes or increasing patients’ obesity means that physicians may permit poor control to continue unduly by delaying the initiation or intensification of insulin therapy† and â€Å"regard insulin as treatment of last resort.† Instead, Kuritzky and Nelson (2004, S11) recommend â€Å"patients should be taught that insulin therapy is appropriate at any time during the course of diabetes to achieve glycemic goals.† Finally, those diabetics on insulin therapy are often on less than optimal dosages. Mayfield and White (2004, 489) conclude from their study of Type 2 diabetics that â€Å"statistics suggest that suboptimal insulin therapy is too common.† Nearly thirty percent of Type 2 diabetics use insulin therapy, â€Å"but less than one half achieve the recommended A1C level of 7 percent or less† because even physicians who are willing to intiate insulin therapy are hesitant to aggressively use insulin (Mayfield and White 2004, 489). REFERENCES Anon 2005. The Role of Basal Insulin in Type 2 Diabetes Management. Supplement to The Journal of Family Practice, October 2005, 2-8. Cefalu, W. 2004. Evolving Strategies for Insulin Delivery and Therapy. Drugs 2004, 64(11): 1149-1161. Davies, M. 2004. The reality of glycaemic control in insulin treated diabetes: defining the clinical challenges. International Journal of Obesity, 28(Suppl 2): S14–S22. Funnell, M. and Kruger, D. 2004. Type 2 Diabetes: Treat to Target. The Nurse Practitioner , January 2004, 29(1):11-23. Kuritzky, L. and Nelson, S. 2004. Insulin therapy in primary care: Practical issues for clinicians. Supplement to The Journal of Family Practice, June 2005, S10-S11. Mayfield, J. and White, R. 2004. Insulin Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: Rescue, Augmentation, and Replacement of Beta-Cell Function. American Family Physician, August 1, 2004, 70(3): 489-500. Rizvi, A. 2004. Type 2 Diabetes: Epidemiologic Trends,Evolving Pathogenic Concepts, and Recent Changes in Therapeutic Approach. Southern Medical Journal, November 2004, 97(11): 1079-1087. Stratton et al 2000. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes. British Medical Journal, 321: 405–412. UKPDS 1998. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group: Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998, 352: 837-853.

Avicenna (Ibn Sina) Essay

Abu ‘Ali al-Husayn ibn Sina is better known in Europe by the Latinized name â€Å"Avicenna. † He is probably the most significant philosopher in the Islamic tradition and arguably the most influential philosopher of the pre-modern era. Born in Afshana near Bukhara in Central Asia in about 980, he is best known as a polymath, as a physician whose major work the Canon (al-Qanun fi’l-Tibb) continued to be taught as a medical textbook in Europe and in the Islamic world until the early modern period, and as a philosopher whose major summa the Cure (al-Shifa’) had a decisive impact upon European scholasticism and especially upon Thomas Aquinas (d. 274). Primarily a metaphysical philosopher of being who was concerned with understanding the self’s existence in this world in relation to its contingency, Ibn Sina’s philosophy is an attempt to construct a coherent and comprehensive system that accords with the religious exigencies of Muslim culture. As such, he may be considered to be the first major Islamic philosopher. The philosophical space that he articulates for God as the Necessary Existence lays the foundation for his theories of the soul, intellect and cosmos. Furthermore, he articulated a development in the philosophical enterprise in classical Islam away from the apologetic concerns for establishing the relationship between religion and philosophy towards an attempt to make philosophical sense of key religious doctrines and even analyse and interpret the Qur’an. Recent studies have attempted to locate him within the Aristotelian and Neoplatonic traditions. His relationship with the latter is ambivalent: although accepting some keys aspects such as an emanationist cosmology, he rejected Neoplatonic epistemology and the theory of the pre-existent soul. However, his metaphysics owes much to the â€Å"Amonnian† synthesis of the later commentators on Aristotle and discussions in legal theory and kalamon meaning, signification and being. Apart from philosophy, Avicenna’s other contributions lie in the fields of medicine, the natural sciences, musical theory, and mathematics. In the Islamic sciences (‘ulum), he wrote a series of short commentaries on selected Qur’anic verses and chapters that reveal a trained philosopher’s hermeneutical method and attempt to come to terms with revelation. He also wrote some literary allegories about whose philosophical value recent cholarship is vehemently at odds. His influence in medieval Europe spread through the translations of his works first undertaken in Spain. In the Islamic world, his impact was immediate and led to what Michot has called â€Å"la pandemie avicennienne. † When al-Ghazali led the theological attack upon the heresies of the philosophers, he singled out Avicenna, and a generation later when the Shahrastani gave an account of the doctrines of the philosophers of Islam, he relied upon the work of Avicenna, whose metaphysics he later attempted to refute in his Struggling against the Philosophers (Musari‘at al-falasifa). Avicennan metaphysics became the foundation for discussions of Islamic philosophy and philosophical theology. In the early modern period in Iran, his metaphysical positions began to be displayed by a creative modification that they underwent due to the thinkers of the school of Isfahan, in particular Mulla Sadra (d. 1641).

Magazines articles Essay

I enjoyed multiple stories in this film. The first story that stood out for me the most was the mother who had cancer. This story was extremely sad for me because I could not picture my mother in that position. I believe they are communicating through filming because the mother wants to put her story out there. By watching this film the mother seems like she is a strong person who does not mind putting her story out there because she does not want anyone to feel like they are the only ones going through this experience. My reaction was surprised when I saw her marks on her back from the cancer. I did not think she would show that on camera to the world. In her case I believe that verbal communication was the most affective especially when she was talking to her son. The next story that stood out for me was the older couple who wrote their vows for each other. I found that clip humorous. I believe for them communicating verbally is special for them to share what they want for each oth er. Just from watching their clip I could get an insight of their life just by the way they jokes with each other in their vows. It is easy to tell that they have a strong marriage and are not afraid to joke around with each other. The next story that made me think was the story of the women from Afghanistan. This story was interesting to me because for Americans it is portrayed that the women in Afghanistan have no freedom and are controlled by the men in their life. Showing the women doing karate was an eye opener because it showed me we do not know everything that is going on in Afghanistan. Just because one part of Afghanistan may be a certain way does not mean it is all like that. Non verbal communication made the most impact because just seeing the women doing something they enjoy meant a lot. No words can describe that better than seeing the looks on the women’s faces when they are enjoying themselves. Being in different countries sometimes you can’t believe everything you see in politics or see on the news and media. This clip was a perfect example of that. This whole video made an impact on me because it showed me that when I am laying in my bed with all my blankets and pillows there are many people out there my age sleeping on the streets with no food or even shelter. When I am riding the bus to class somewhere around the world a young man or woman is carrying all of their belongings on their back.